John McClernand Civil War Union Major General

John Alexander McClernand was born May 30, 1812, near Hardinsburg, KY. Moving to Illinois at a young age, he was educated in local village schools and at home. First pursuing an agricultural career, McClernand later elected to become a lawyer. Largely self-educated, he passed the Illinois bar exam in 1832. Later that year McClernand received his first military training when he served as a private during the Black Hawk War. A devout Democrat, he founded a newspaper, the Shawneetown Democrat, in 1835 and the following year was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives. His initial term lasted only a year, but he returned to Springfield in 1840. An effective politician, McClernand was elected to the US Congress three years later. The Civil War Nears During his time in Washington, McClernand violently opposed the passage of the Wilmot Proviso which would have banned slavery in the territory acquired during the Mexican-American War. An anti-abolitionist and staunch ally of Senator Stephen Douglas, he aided his mentor in passing the Compromise of 1850. Though McClernand left Congress in 1851, he returned in 1859 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Representative Thomas L. Harris. With sectional tensions rising, he became a firm Unionist and worked to advance Douglas cause during the election of 1860. After Abraham Lincoln was elected in November 1860, Southern states began leaving the Union. With the beginning of the Civil War the following April, McClernand commenced efforts to raise a brigade of volunteers for operations against the Confederacy. Eager to maintain a wide base of support for the war, Lincoln appointed the Democratic McClernand a brigadier general of volunteers on May 17, 1861. Early Operations Assigned to the District of Southeast Missouri, McClernand and his men first experienced combat as part of Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grants small army at the Battle of Belmont in November 1861. A bombastic commander and political general, he quickly irritated Grant. As Grants command was expanded, McClernand became a division commander. In this role, he took part in the capture of Fort Henry and Battle of Fort Donelson in February 1862. At the latter engagement, McClernands division held the Union right but failed to anchor its flank on the Cumberland River or another strongpoint. Attacked on February 15, his men were driven back nearly two miles before Union forces stabilized the line. Rescuing the situation, Grant soon counterattacked and prevented the garrison from escaping. Despite his error at Fort Donelson, McClernand received a promotion to major general on March 21. Seeking Independent Command Remaining with Grant, McClernands division came under heavy attack on April 6 at the Battle of Shiloh. Helping to hold the Union line, he took part in the Union counterattack the next day which defeated General P.G.T. Beauregards Army of the Mississippi. A constant critic of Grants actions, McClernand spent much of the middle of 1862 conducting political maneuvering with the goal of either displacing Major General George B. McClellan in the east or obtaining his own command in the west. Obtaining a leave of absence from his division in October, he traveled to Washington to lobby Lincoln directly. Desiring to maintain a Democrat in a senior military position, Lincoln ultimately granted McClernands request and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton gave him permission to raise troops in Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa for an expedition against Vicksburg, MS. A key location on the Mississippi River, Vicksburg was the last obstacle to Union control of the waterway. On the River Though McClernands force initially only reported to Union General-in-Chief Major General Henry W. Halleck, efforts soon commenced to limit the political generals power. This ultimately saw orders issued for him to take command of a new corps to be formed out his current force once he united with Grant who was already operating against Vicksburg. Until McClernand rendezvoused with Grant, he would remain an independent command. Moving down the Mississippi in December he met Major General William T. Shermans corps which was returning north after its defeat at Chickasaw Bayou. The senior general, McClernand added Shermans corps to his own and pressed south aided by Union gunboats led by Rear Admiral David D. Porter. En route, he learned that a Union steamer had been captured by Confederate forces and taken to Arkansas Post (Fort Hindeman) on the Arkansas River. Re-routing the entire expedition on Shermans advice, McClernand ascended the river and landed his troops on January 10. Attackin g the next day, his troops carried the fort in the Battle of Arkansas Post. Issues With Grant This diversion from the effort against Vicksburg greatly angered Grant who saw operations in Arkansas as a distraction. Unaware that Sherman had suggested the attack, he complained loudly to Halleck about McClernand. As a result, orders were issued allowing Grant to take complete control of the Union troops in the area. Uniting his forces, Grant shifted McClernand into command of the newly-formed XIII Corps. Openly resentful of Grant, McClernand spent much of the winter and spring spreading rumors regarding his superiors supposed drinking and behavior. In doing so, he earned the enmity of other senior leaders such as Sherman and Porter who saw him as unfit for corps command. In late April, Grant elected to cut loose from his supply lines and cross the Mississippi south of Vicksburg. Landing at Bruinsburg on April 29, Union forces pressed east towards Jackson, MS. Turning towards Vicksburg, XIII Corps was engaged at the Battle of Champion Hill on May 16. Though a victory, Grant believed that McClernands performance during the battle was lacking as he had failed to press the fight. The next day, XIII Corps attacked and defeated Confederate forces at the Battle of Big Black River Bridge. Beaten, Confederate forces withdrew into the Vicksburg defenses. Pursuing, Grant mounted unsuccessful assaults on the city on May 19. Pausing for three days, he renewed his efforts on May 22. Attacking all along the Vicksburg fortifications, Union troops made little headway. Only on McClernands front was a foothold gained in the 2nd Texas Lunette. When his initial request for reinforcements was declined, he sent Grant a misleading message implying that he had taken two Confederate forts and that another push might win the day. Sending McClernand additional men, Grant reluctantly renewed his efforts elsewhere. When all of the Union efforts failed, Grant blamed Mc Clernand and cited his earlier communications. With the failure of the May 22 assaults, Grant commenced a siege of the city. In the wake of the assaults, McClernand issued a congratulatory message to his men for their efforts. The language used in the message sufficiently angered Sherman and Major General James B. McPherson that they lodged complaints with Grant. The message was also printed in Northern newspapers which was in contravention of War Department policy and Grants own orders. Having been constantly annoyed with McClernands behavior and performance, this breach of protocol gave Grant the leverage to remove the political general. On June 19, McClernand was officially relieved and command of XIII Corps passed to Major General Edward O. C. Ord. Later Career Life Though Lincoln backed Grants decision, he remained cognizant of the importance of maintaining the support of Illinois War Democrats. As a result, McClernand was restored to command of the XIII Corps on February 20, 1864. Serving in the Department of the Gulf, he battled illness and did not take part in the Red River Campaign. Remaining in the Gulf for much of the year, he resigned from the army due to health issues on November 30, 1864. Following the assassination of Lincoln the following year, McClernand played a visible role in the late presidents funeral proceedings. In 1870, he was elected circuit judge of the Sangamon District of Illinois and remained in the post for three years before resuming his law practice. Still prominent in politics, McClernand presided over the 1876 Democratic National Convention. He later died on September 20, 1900, in Springfield, IL and was buried at citys Oak Ridge Cemetery. Selected Sources History of War: John A. McClernandUS Congress: John A. McClernandMr. Lincoln Friends: John A. McClernand

Essay about Emotionally Intelligent Leadership - 1226 Words

More recently, is the work of Daniel Goleman. Goleman defines emotional intelligence as a blend of Gardner’s interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence. Goleman suggests â€Å"softer skills such as empathy, intuition, self and social awareness are what distinguish great leaders and successful companies†. These soft skills are found deep within ourselves and our minds. â€Å"The most primitive part of the brain, shared with all species that have more than a minimal nervous system, is the brainstream surrounding the top of the spinal cord. This root brain regulates basic life functions like breathing and the metabolism of the body’s other organs, as well as controlling stereotyped reactions and movements† (Goleman, 1995). The emotional centers that†¦show more content†¦Goleman suggests that self-awareness (recognizing feelings as they happen) is the key to EI. 2) Managing one’s emotions. This is the ability to handle feelings so that they a re appropriate. 3) Motivating oneself. Containing, ordering and controlling emotions while working toward a goal is critical to stay on track. 4) Recognizing emotions in others. One of the most fundamental people skills is to have empathy, the ability to recognize other’s feelings based on having had similar feelings yourself. 5) And lastly, properly handling relationships. â€Å"People are beginning to realize that success takes more than intellectual excellence or technical prowess†¦ Internal qualities such as resilience, inititative, optimism, and adaptability are taking on a new valuation† (Goleman, 1998). Emotions generate very powerful chemicals that can create positive feelings, such as motivation and enthusiasm, or they can create negative responses, such as offending and even attacking others. When an emotionally charged situation occurs, understanding the process-taking place then and they can help leaders become more objective decision-makers. Although a certain level of cognitive intelligence opens the door for many people, emotional intelligence is critical to becoming a successful leader. Cognitive intelligence has historically been considered a good indicator of future success within our society. A study by Daniel Goleman, an author and psychologist digsShow MoreRelatedEmotional Intelligence Of Leaders By Daniel Goleman1322 Words   |  6 Pagesstrengths and weaknesses are. Emotion management is exhibiting good self-control and limiting impulsive reactions. Leaders who allow themselves to be governed by anger, fear, anxiety, and sadness cannot provide effective, confident, authoritative leadership. Goleman references a Stanford University study which showed that children with better impulse control, in this case delaying gratification, outperformed their impulsive counterparts years later on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). 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It is inconclusive which of these reasons, if any, are the cause of the positive correlation due to the lack of overwhelming support for any one cause and the biases of the studies. Emotional intelligence was referred to by Mayer and Salovey (1997) as a set of abilities to do with understanding, perceiving, appraising, expressing, and regulating emotion (as cited in Das Ali, 2014). An emotionally intelligent manager can understand and react toRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Effective Leadership1426 Words   |  6 Pages Assignment 1: Emotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership Vigilkumar C. Patel BUS520: LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Dr. Eartha Eve Barnett October 29th 2015 â€Å"Emotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership†, one of the most important constructs in leadership today is the concept and application of emotional intelligence (EI). 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Animal Consciousness - Paper free essay sample

Because nonhuman animals lack some mental abilities, we regard them as property, the only moral constraint that we observe on our use of other animals is an obligation not to make them suffer. But who is to say that animals dont have consciousness? Animals not only have consciousness, but some have more consciousness then some of us human beings. Thats why, Cartmill is attempting to try to persuade people, mainly philosophers and scientists, that animals have consciousness. Matt Cartmill strongly supports the idea that animals have consciousness. Sleep is something that we know that makes us consciousness as humans. Most animals dont sleep, but some do. When a human is sleep they are unconscious, but when they wake up they return back to their consciousness. The same should apply to animals. When animals sleep their are also unconscious, but when they wake up they return back to their conscious state of mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Consciousness Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example: when a owner is being attacked by a stranger or killer, not only would a human help, but a non-human, animal, would also help to protect you. Being said, animals have mental lives something like ours. The waking state in animals is something like ours, which includes mental events and awareness of the world. They were trying to say that computer were more in tune with people than animals were. This is not true because there isnt any computer that can ever produce consciousness. Nothing science has ever produced comes near to and the complex sequence of responses that shape our reactions. The processes involved in sleepwalking and hibernating are aspects of consciousness that are obvious. But many philosophers and scientists think otherwise. While some do not want to appear sentimental, others are afraid to accept the possibility of mental and moral states in animals for professional and/or philosophical reasons. Many thinkers have gone further and insisted that because animals cant talk, their mental lives are nonexistent. Also many professionals have been reluctant to grant that animals can have mental lives because they are not good at operating signs. Not to forget, philosophers and scientist dont acknowledge that animals feel pain because they feel like animals dont suffer the same pain like we humans do, maybe thats the reason we could eat them without thinking about the torture they been through in order for us to have them on our plate. Most scientists will admit that our close animals relatives probably have mental lives like ours, but most are too afraid to say it true. This may be true that animals arent physical like humans, but animal brains think somewhat close to humans. Despite the conspicuous differences in sight, feel, and smell between a human body and a dogs, a dog will react the same to both human and its own species the same way if it was happy or sad. When you tell a dog to come here, it comes. Philosophers and scientists believe that animals learn by a human observer, but this is not true because their are many wild animals that learn from each other or themselves. Cartmill also thrown out the Darwanian theory of natural selection, and Occams Razor. Occams Razor which was intended too dent mental events in animals whenever we can, actually is on animal rights side. They argue that it we are going to invoke desires, beliefs, and intentions for our own actions, then we should explain other animals behavior in similar terms whenever we can. Humans and non-humans, animals, both have consciousness whether philosophers or scientists like it or not. With compelling evidence, Cartmill shows that animals have consciousness. People should start to acknowledge that animals have a mind of their own and that no one inflicts them to do so. Philosphers and scientists should give up on all the theories as to why an animal can not think by themselves. With acknowledging animals to have their own mind, this is going to make our world a better place.

Urban Regeneration/renewal

Introduction In this section, we shall define the key terms, urban regeneration/urban renewal and urban development and try to see the correlation between the terms. We shall then briefly look at the town of King’s Lynn.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Urban Regeneration/renewal -Case of United Kingdom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Urban Regeneration defined The encyclopedia Britannica, defines urban renewal as â€Å"comprehensive scheme to redress a complex of urban problems, including unsanitary, deficient, or obsolete housing; inadequate transportation, sanitation, and other services and facilities; haphazard land use; traffic congestion; and the sociological correlates of urban decay, such as crime.1† Definition of Urban renewal The Webster’s new world dictionary defines regeneration as â€Å"to cause to be completely renewed, or restored or reformed† 2.  Urban regeneration th erefore means, to completely renew, restore or reform an urban area. Urban renewal focuses of infrastructure only while urban renewal is more comprehensive and focuses on practical outputs aimed at improving the economic and social wellbeing of the particular urban population. Urban regeneration therefore goes beyond urban renewal. It aims at addressing issues of poverty, poor housing, and sanitation in slums, crime, unemployment, discrimination, stigma and low quality of life in a particular urban set up. Urban regeneration seeks to minimize these problems if not eliminating them. 3 Urban development Urban development can be defined as the process of controlling land use in urban area including transport networks aimed at bringing orderliness in the urban area. It involves research, strategy formation, implementation and evaluation. Urban Development and Regeneration The two terminologies are closely related and in some cases can be difficult to clearly demarcate the differences, i f any between these concepts4. We can say that urban regeneration is a form of urban development, but urban development can cover a wider scope and goes beyond just regeneration but involves the generation of new things.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Case Study of King’s Lynn Urban Regeneration and Development Strategy Introduction In this case study we shall look at a combined development and regeneration strategy as applied in this seaport town. The strategy is broadly a development strategy but is majorly a regeneration strategy. This is a sea port town in the north of England, 156 km to the north of London and has population of 43,000. It is largely a market town. Main actions in the Urban Regeneration and Development Strategy There are four actions that form the strategy for regeneration of King’s Lynn and they are: Maximum utility of the existing faci lities – this is by creation of a marina at Boal Quay, increment and diversification of activities in the South Quay and reinstating the historical structures with the aim of improving the image of the town. Developing the town center by improving the existing residential structures that are dilapidated and also putting up modern residential buildings to meet the current and future needs of the city. Economic development through job creation; this is by strengthening the town center with the aim of having an increased viability of the entire town and the market shops as this will improve development in the town center. An improved transport system through The King’s Lynn Area Transport and Land Use Strategy (KLATS) which will see the creation improved parking space by use of multi-story buildings for parking which will replace the ground parking that currently exist5. Provisions of better bus transport system, creation of better train system across and around town are some examples of existing urban regeneration. A ferry system will also be established between The West Lynn and King’s Lynn to facilitate transport between the two ends of the city.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Urban Regeneration/renewal -Case of United Kingdom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Worldwide Urban Development Strategies in New Zealand This section describes the Urban Development strategies as applied in New Zealand. It also presents the aims and objective of the strategies. The Greater Christ church Urban Development Strategy (GCUDS) This strategy aims at creating a paradigm shift from business as usual, an approach to a focused strategic plan aimed at protection of the environment and development of society core values. The themes of this strategy are: Making sure the area remains an attractive place to work in through investment and recreation in order to promote business growth. Ease of accessibility and movement Protection of the environment from potential hazards that would hinder growth. These themes are focused on improved and sustained quality of life for the inhabitants and bettering the economic environment. The Western Bay of Plenty Smart Growth Strategy (2002) This strategy focuses on the need to create a balance between provision of land housing services, commerce, productivity in the rural, community activities and recreation in order to improve accessibility to the needed services and minimize pollution through emissions particularly form vehicles. These Urban Development Strategies are wide and cover a range of outcomes, indicating how urban systems interact, how commercial and housing systems are distributed, how transport systems are developed and managed6. They also focus on environmental protection and management of resources such as water and finally they promote social wellbeing of the local people. These policies were beyond standard models a nd rules that had previously been used in development. Countries that have adopted the UDS approach are capable of meeting the competitive demands arising between cities at national, regional and international level. The essential elements of concern urban regeneration and development strategy Consultation between the implementing agencies and the locals is of essential for the successful implementation of renewal schemes. The local people are mostly excluded either directly or through representative groups. This is not in line with government regulations which require that the local community be voluntarily involved and their interests be taken into account.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly there is need to target the benefits of regeneration to the target people. It is important that the schemes such housing development, job creation and other benefits be reaped by the locals7. Currently there are no elaborate mechanisms to translate the development projects into utility in order to have the benefits downstream to the target people. Thirdly, there is the assumption that physical development translates into urban regeneration or tendency to over depend on physical development as the prime mover of urban renewal. This leads to little or no emphasis on broad dimensions such as social issues like crime, local entrepreneurship. Research has suggested that in United Kingdom, a large percentage of the over ten billion spent on urban regeneration in the 1980s has largely gone to waste due to poor socio-economic infrastructure in the urban thus undermining property investment. If urban renewal through development projects marginalizes certain groups, it can lead to an upsurge in crime as has been experienced in Dublin. In Ireland, the economic development has hardly reached the targeted population resulting in socio-economic imbalances. Bibliography Efere, Prince. Urban Regeneration. London : Trans-Atlantic College, 2004. Hurd, Nixon. Sustainable Economic Development Strategies. New York: Global Urban Development, 2005. Joan, Parpal. Simulation of urban development in the City of Rome. The Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2007.Pg 1010: 87-97. Mats, Karlsson. Urban Development Strategies. Barcelona: Cities Allliance, 2011. Mitlin, John. Study of Urban Renewal Schemes by KPMG. Islandbridge: Combat Poverty Agency,1996. Thompson, Diana. Participatory approaches in Urban Areas. London: International Institute of Environmental Development, 1995. Zaremski, Carol. Differenciation between forms of Urban Developement. New York: HarperCollins 2006. Pg 315. Footnotes 1 Mitlin, John. Study of Urban Renewal Schemes by KPMG. (Islandbridge: Combat Poverty Age ncy, 1996), 120. 2 Zaremski, Carol. Differenciation between forms of Urban Developement. (New York: HarperCollins, 2006), 315. 3 Zaremski, Carol. Differenciation between forms of Urban Developement. (New York: HarperCollins, 2006), 315. 4 Joan, Parpal. Simulation of urban development in the City of Rome. (Washington: The Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2007), 1010: 87-97. 5 Thompson, Diana..Participatory approaches in Urban Areas. (London: International Institute of Environmental Development, 1995), 253. 6 Hurd, Nixon. Sustainable Economic Development Strategies. (New York: Global Urban Development, 2005), 89. 7 Hurd, Nixon. Sustainable Economic Development Strategies. (New York: Global Urban Development, 2005), 89. This essay on Urban Regeneration/renewal -Case of United Kingdom was written and submitted by user Tanner H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.